![]() ![]() This interaction with electromagnetic radiation is dependent on molecules, such as water, ions or DNA, that are on the surface of the nanoparticle. Another property of AuNPs is the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which corresponds to the oscillation of electrons confined to the surface of a nanoparticle upon interaction with electromagnetic radiation. ![]() Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been of great interest due to the fact of their large light absorption and scattering cross-section in the surface plasmon resonance wavelength regions. Nanotechnology has emerged as a tool that improves the sensitivity of various techniques used to analyze macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA in different biological samples (e.g., human blood serum, plasma, and tissue extracts). To solve this problem, the development of technologies that allow for the detection of methylated DNA of RPRM circulating in the blood via GC samples obtained noninvasively is mandatory. However, at early stages of the disease (i.e., dysplasia), the detection rate for methylated DNA of RPRM is low. Therefore, the detection of circulating methylated DNA of RPRM in samples of plasma could be a candidate for a noninvasive detection strategy. The presence of RPRM promoter methylation has been detected in tumor tissues and plasma from gastric cancer patients. Reprimo ( RPRM) is a highly glycosylated protein that was initially discovered as a putative tumor-suppressor involved in the regulation of the p53-dependent G2 arrest of the cell cycle. To achieve this goal, noninvasive detection through a simple blood test is necessary. Therefore, early detection at curable stages is urgently needed. Unfortunately, at early stage, GC develops without symptoms, so most tumors are not diagnosed until late stage, with low survival rates. Despite recent progress in surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis for gastric cancer is still unfavorable. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most serious malignant tumors worldwide despite the global decrease in incidence over the last decades. ![]() These results showed that this nanosystem may be a useful tool for the specific and sensitive detection of methylated DNA of RPRM in patients at risk of developing gastric cancer. A difference in the size distribution of nanoparticles hybridized with genomic DNA from the KATO III gastric cancer cell line was observed when was compared with DNA from the GES-1 normal cell line. The nanoparticles were incubated with a synthetic DNA fragment of methylated DNA of RPRM and changes in the size distribution after hybridization were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The functionality of the oligonucleotide on the surface of the nanoparticle was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We designed a nanosystem based on the functionalization of silica coated gold nanoparticles with oligonucleotides that recognize a specific DNA fragment of the RPRM promoter region. These findings suggest that circulating methylated DNA of RPRM could be a candidate for a noninvasive detection of gastric cancer. Hypermethylation of the RPRM promoter region has been found in tumor tissue and plasma samples from patients with gastric cancer. Reprimo ( RPRM) is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of gastric cancer. ![]()
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